The USS Arizona (BB-39) was a Pennsylvania-class battleship of the United States Navy, best remembered for its tragic destruction during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which plunged the United States into World War II. Its history spans over two decades of peacetime service and its symbolic role in American memory.
Construction and Commissioning
Laid down: March 16, 1914, at the Brooklyn Navy Yard
Launched: June 19, 1915
Commissioned: October 17, 1916
Named for the 48th state, which had only recently joined the Union in 1912, USS Arizona was one of the most powerful ships of her time. At 608 feet long and displacing over 31,000 tons, she was designed to carry twelve 14-inch guns and was protected by heavy armor.
Pre-World War II Service
Although completed too late to see combat in World War I, Arizona served in various roles during the interwar years:
Participated in training exercises and fleet maneuvers in both the Atlantic and Pacific.
Took part in humanitarian missions, such as delivering aid to earthquake victims in Turkey in 1923.
Was modernized in the 1920s at the Norfolk Navy Yard, including the addition of improved fire control, anti-aircraft guns, and updated engines.
In the 1930s, Arizona was stationed primarily in the Pacific, often based in San Pedro, California, and later Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, as tensions with Japan grew.
Attack on Pearl Harbor
On the morning of December 7, 1941, Arizona was moored at Battleship Row in Pearl Harbor when Japanese aircraft launched a surprise attack.
At 8:06 a.m., a Japanese bomb struck near turret two and penetrated into the forward ammunition magazines.
A massive explosion tore through the ship, instantly killing 1,177 crewmen.
The battleship sank within minutes, engulfed in flames and smoke.
The loss of the USS Arizona represented nearly half of the American deaths at Pearl Harbor and became a allying point for American entry into WWII.
Legacy and Memorial
The wreck remains sunken in Pearl Harbor and is considered a war grave.
In 1962, the USS Arizona Memorial was dedicated, spanning the ship’s remains and honoring those who died in the attack.
The memorial draws more than two million visitors annually and is maintained by the National Park Service.
Oil continues to slowly leak from the wreck, referred to as the “tears of the Arizona” or “black tears.”
The battleship itself was never raised or recommissioned. However, parts were salvaged, and her bell and mast are preserved at the University of Arizona and other locations.
Quick Facts
Class: Pennsylvania-class battleship
Armament: 12 × 14-inch guns, secondary guns, anti-aircraft batteries
Crew (1941): About 1,500 officers and men
Casualties (Dec. 7, 1941): 1,177 killed
Status: Sunk at Pearl Harbor; memorial established